Air France-KLM SA (Formerly Air France)

France Country flag France
Sector: Airlines
Ticker: AF
ISIN: FR001400J770
Factsheet Factsheet

Levered/Unlevered Beta of Air France-KLM SA ( AF | FRA)

Beta is a statistical measure that compares the volatility of a stock against the volatility of the broader market, which is typically measured by a reference market index. Since the market is the benchmark, the market's beta is always 1. When a stock has a beta greater than 1, it means the stock is expected to increase by more than the market in up markets and decrease more than the market in down markets. Conversely, a stock with a beta lower than 1 is expected to rise less than the market when the market is moving up , but fall less than the market when the market is moving down. Despite being rare, a stock may have a negative beta, which means the stock moves opposite the general market trend.
Air France-KLM SA shows a Beta of 0.91.
This is very close to 1. The volatility of Air France-KLM SA according to this measure is consistent with the market volatility.

Beta (Ref: CAC 40)
Levered betaUnlevered beta
1-Year0.910.12
2-Year1.110.15
3-Year1.220.16
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Valuation
EV/EBITDA LastEV/EBITDA(e) 2024EV/EBITDA NTM
Air France-KLM SAFree trialFree trialFree trial
International PeersFree trialFree trialFree trial
Airlines5.164.484.38
CAC 409.918.518.42
France5.826.166.37
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Stock Perf excl. Dividends (in EUR)
AFCAC 40Rel. Perf.
Year-to-Date-28.9%6.4%-35.2%
1-Week2.5%-0.0%2.5%
1-Month1.7%-1.5%3.2%
1-Year-38.9%6.5%-45.4%
3-Year-61.9%27.6%-89.5%
5-Year-82.8%43.8%-126.5%
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International Peers - Air France-KLM SA
Company NameCtryMarket
Cap.
last (mUSD)
Air France-KLM SAFRA2 699
International Peers Median1.35
Deutsche Lufthansa AGDEU8 462
Pegasus Airlines Inc.TUR2 706
Aegean Airlines SAGRC1 127
China Airlines Ltd.TWN3 613
Delta Air Lines Inc.USA30 878
GPRV Analysis
Air France-KLM SA
Intl. Peers
U.S Patents No. 7,882,001 & 8,082,201
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Net Sales Chart
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Quotes Chart

1-Year Rebased Stock Chart

  • Air France-KLM SA
  • CAC 40
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Beta calculation details
The calculation divides the covariance of the stock return with the market return by the variance of the market return
thus: beta = cov(ri.rm) / var(rm) where
stock return ri = (stock price at time w / stock price at time (w-1))-1
market return rm = (index at time w / index at time (w-1))-1
E(ri) = arithmetic mean of stock returns
E(rm) = arithmetic mean of market returns
covariance cov (ri,rm) = sum [ri-E(ri))*(rm-E(rm))]/count(ri-E(ri))*count(rm-E(rm))
variance var(rm) = sum[(rm-E(rm))^2]/count(rm-E(rm))^2

About Beta

Standard beta is co-called levered, which means that it reflects the capital structure of the company (including the financial risk linked to the debt level). Unlevered beta (or ungeared beta) compares the risk of an unlevered company (i.e. with no debt in the capital structure) to the risk of the market. Unlevered beta is useful when comparing companies with different capital structures as it focuses on the equity risk. Unlevered beta is generally lower than the levered beta. However, unlevered beta could be higher than levered beta when the net debt is negative (meaning that the company has more cash than debt).
Many different betas can be calculated for a given stock. The main common variables that affect beta calculations are the time period, the reference date, the sampling frequency for closing prices and the reference index.
The calculation divides the covariance of the stock return with the market return by the variance of the market return. Beta is used very often for company valuation using the Discounted Cash Flows (DCF) method. The discount rate is calculated using the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC). The WACC is essentially a blend of the cost of equity and the after-tax cost of debt. The cost of equity is usually calculated using the capital asset pricing model (CAPM), which defines the cost of equity as follows: re = rf + β × (rm - rf)
Where:
rf = Risk-free rate
β = Beta (levered)
(rm - rf) = Market risk premium.